titanic research paper Essay Example For Students

titanic research paper Essay Underwater Treasures: Titanic A major shift in our innovative world occurred during the beginning of the 20th century. Inventions that rule our era today were first brought upon in the early 1900s. One of the most notorious of these inventions was the steamboat. During this time there was a big transition from sailboat to steamboat. A significant change as to how naval vessels were built and operated took place, which sometimes resulted in conducting problems leading to tragedies. One of the most famous steamboats to ever be built was the R. M. S Titanic. White Star Lines Royal Mail Ship Titanic was the argest British luxury passenger liner to ever be built. At the time, Titanic was believed to be unsinkable because of the way she was constructed; but this thought was quickly proven wrong on April 1 5th, 1912 when Titanic touched the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean on her maiden voyage en route to New York City from Southampton, England. The wreck caused about 1 ,500 casualties, therefore, making the Titanics sinking one of the most famous maritime tragedies in history. We will write a custom essay on titanic research paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The material usage and design flaws of the ship, as well as the timeline of events in relation to mistakes hat were made on the night of April 15th are crucial information to understand why the Titanic is living at the bottom of the Atlantic today. There are many controversies and different stories told about the Titanic. Questionable events arose after the sinking because the only evidence about that night was the stories told by the few survivors. It was known that on April 10th 1912, the Titanic set sail on her first voyage from Southampton. On April 14th at 1 1 p. m. the ship struck an iceberg on her starboard side of the bow. On April 15th at 2:20 a. m. , the Titanics broken off stern sank into the sea (Amy 2). For many people, it was hard to believe that the largest ship ever built had sunk on its maiden voyage. Since it was thought that Titanic could stay afloat with even the hardest of impacts it was hard to imagine that the Titanic went down Just because of an iceberg that scratched her bow. Therefore, the world was shocked the morning of April 1 5th when news broke out that Titanic had gone down in less than three hours. A recently uncovered family secret has revealed new information as to why the Titanic sank so rapidly. Today, the Titanic lies at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in two pieces and a big ebris field surrounding two square miles. The shipwreck site is one of the deepest places on Earth to be explored and has brought us new knowledge about the tragic events of April 1 5thas well as biological processes currently occurring underwater. Construction of the Titanic began in 1909 in Belfast, Ireland by the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff. Harland and Wolff had to make alterations to their shipyard and acquire larger piers and gantries to accommodate the giant liner (Metelko 1). Titanic was designed with sixteen watertight compartments. Each nnovative compartment had doors that were designed to close automatically if the water level rose above a certain height. The doors could also be electronically closed from the bridge. Titanic was able to stay afloat if the first four of the sixteen compartments became flooded. According to the builders, if Titanic collided with anotner snlp In tne worst posslDle way sne would stay anoat Tor two to tnree clays, which would provide enough time for nearby ships to help (Clarkson 6). There were twenty-four double ended boilers and five single ended boilers that were housed in six boiler rooms. The boilers, located down on G deck supplied steam to the engines at a pressure of 215 psi. Titanic had three propellers that were powered by steam. The strong force of the rotation of the propellers powered the ship through rough ice waters. Titanics four funnels were constructed away from the site and were then transported to the shipyard. Only three of the funnels were used to expel smoke and waste gasses. The fourth was added to make the ship look more powerful (Metelko 5). Titanics exterior was completed in 1911. The total cost of the RMS Titanic was $7. 5 million. The cost for the Titanic today would be 120 million dollars. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic commenced her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York, with 2,227 passengers and crew aboard . The passengers included some of the wealthiest and most prestigious people of the 20th century. Captain Edward John Smith, one of the most experienced shipmasters of the Atlantic, was commander in chief of the Titanic. The ship was 882 feet in length, 92 feet in width, 175 feet in height and weighed 46,328 tons. Making Titanics first voyage worldwide news. Top cruising speed was 21 knots with maximum speed of 24 knots (28 mph). The materials that made up the Titanic were mainly plaster, wood, iron, and about three million steel rivets holding the ships plates together. Passenger ships were breaking records in sizes and had the latest innovative equipment for the time. Engineers and electricians from all over the world were interested in Titanics state- of-the-art equipment in communication and safety. l cannot imagine any condition which would cause this ship to founder. I cannot conceive of any vital disaster happening to this vessel. Modern ship building has gone beyond that Osaid by Captain Smith, Commander of Titanic (Metelko 4). The Titanic had the capacity to carry 48 lifeboats, which would have provided enough seats for every passenger on board. Yet, to keep the decks from being too crowded, the White Star Line decided to carry only 20 lifeboats on board, which provided seats for only 52% of the passengers. Only 713 out of 2,227 passengers had the chance to board a lifeboat even though the total capacity of the twenty lifeboats available seated 1,178 people (Amy 6). Unfortunately an additional 470 passengers died because the lifeboats werent filled to capacity. Ironically, there were enough life Jackets available for every assenger onboard; consequently the deaths after the Titanic sunk were not caused because of drowning, but because of hypothermia due to the icy 28 to 31 Fahrenheit degree water in the Atlantic Ocean. Throughout the time that the steamboat was beginning to take over the industrialized world, many shipmen were still navigating using sailboat commands. .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .postImageUrl , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:visited , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:active { border:0!important; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:active , .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1 .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u60e3cde071a3afb224fb8e26aebcf1b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Overpopulation 2 EssayTwo different systems were in operation at the time, Rudder Orders used for steam ships, and Tiller Orders, used for sailing ships. In 2010, shocking information was released about one mistake that could be accountable for the whole tragedy. Louise Patten, the granddaughter of Charles Lightoller, the highest senior officer that survived the wreck, claimed that Titanic hit the iceberg because the man at the wheel made a mistake. Supposedly he confused the order and turned right, directly towards the iceberg instead of left, away from it. Patten said the tragedy had occurred aurlng a perloa wnen snlpplng communlcatlons were In transltlon Trom sall to steam orders (BBC 3,4). The two steering systems were the complete opposite of one another, so a command to turn hard a-starboard meant turn the wheel right under one system and left under the other. In a moment of panic, the steersman used the wrong orders and turned toward the iceberg. The ship had four minutes to change course but by that time it was too late for the ship to miss the iceberg as described by Patten. She said that while Charles Lightoller was not on watch at the time of the collision, a dramatic final meeting of the four senior officers took place in the first officers cabin shortly before Titanic went down. The truth of what happened on that historic night was deliberately buried. By his code of honor, he felt it was his duty to protect his employer, the White Star Line, and its employees Patten said (BBC ). Was confusion about steering orders responsible for the Titanic sinking? No one will ever truly know. However this confession made in 2010 answers many questions as to why such a huge unsinkable ship sank so fast. Captain Edward John Smith rose in seniority and gained a reputation amongst passengers and crew for extended experience. Some passengers would only sail the Atlantic in a ship commanded by him. After he became commodore of the White Star fleet in 1904, it became routine for Smith to command the lines newest ships on their maiden voyages (History Titanic 3). It was therefore no surprise that Smith took Titanic in her maiden voyage in April 1912. He was said to be the most knowledgeable Captain to sail across the Atlantic Oceans waters. Despite his capabilities at sea, an unfortunate series of events led the Titanic to hit an iceberg on the night of April 14th, 1912. There were six ice water warnings received to the Titanics telegraph room, the Marconi room, on the day of the collision; but the wireless operator ignored all the warning telegraphs from other ships on April 14th, 1912 because he was preoccupied with transmitting passenger messages. The moon was not out on the night of the collision, resulting in a very calm sea the day of the collision. It was difficult to see the iceberg because no waves were breaking at the surface. Rough waters would have caused waves to break around the iceberg making it easier to see from afar, but this wasnt the case. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was not a very big one. It did not even come up as high as the bridge of the ship. An iceberg exposes only 1110th of its mass above water with the other 9/1 Oths of its mass below water (Credo Reference 13). It makes them impossible to budge even with a force of a ship like the Titanic. The iceberg that the Titanic struck was unusual in such a way that it was not white ice like most others. It was claimed that the iceberg had a dark. Black ice on icebergs is caused by continuous melting and moving of the icebergs position, consequently making it a black object, almost impossible to see from a distance. Particles from under the surface causes icebergs to darken, and when the iceberg is melting, it slowly changes position in the water causing the darken side to surface and be visible, the term for this kind of iceberg is blackberg. The Titanic was traveling 22. 5 knots while cruising through iceberg-laden waters, Just 0. knot from her maximum speed capability. The gash that the iceberg cut into the hull of the Titanic was about 250 feet long. The watertight compartments of the Titanics hull were open at the tops. Fifteen transverse bulkheads created sixteen compartments that could be isolated from the adjoining compartment using special doors (Wilson 5). The ship could have stayed anoat wltn Tour compartments noooea, out tne DreaKage tnat tne Iceoerg caused was so large that it exposed five of the compartments to the damage. Water quickly rushed in through the penetrated bow making it extremely heavy and leading it to be ulled underwater. The sinking of the RMS Titanic occurred on the night of April 14th through to the morning of April 15th 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. From the moment the iceberg scratched the side of the bow it only took two hours and forty minutes for the Titanic to be completely underwater. The ship sank with over a thousand passengers and crewmembers still on board. RMS Carpathia arrived on the scene about an hour and a half after the sinking and had rescued the last of the survivors in the lifeboats by 5 a. (History Titanic 9). The disaster caused widespread public outrage over the lack of lifeboats, lax shipping regulations, and the unequal treatment of the different passenger classes aboard the ship. Inquiries set up in the wake of the disaster recommended sweeping changes to maritime regulations. Most of the regulations while traveling by ship today were learned from the mistakes that were made on the Titanic. Traveling b y water nowadays is a lot safer than it was in the early 1900s. The disaster led to major changes in maritime regulations to implement new safety measures. Carrying enough lifeboats to fit every passenger is a law. Lifeboat drills are properly carried out and that radio equipment on passenger ships must be manned around the clock. An International Ice Patrol was set up after the tragedy to monitor the presence of icebergs in the North Atlantic, and maritime safety regulations are now coordinated internationally through the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (Wilson 6). As a result to this tragedy, there will never be a shortage of lifeboats, an ignorance of danger warnings, or overconfidence in a ship again. .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .postImageUrl , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:visited , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:active { border:0!important; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:active , .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984 .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa3a5122d8d56c5a27cd4e7751592984:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Federalist Papers And Federalism EssayToday, the wreck of the RMS Titanic is located about 70 miles south-southeast off the coast of Newfoundland. The Titanic lies 12,600 feet, which is over 2. 33 miles at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean in two pieces. The pressure is over 6,000 pounds per square inch at that depth. The bow and stern of Titanic which were broken in half at the time of the sinking lay 1,970 feet apart from one another on the ocean floor (Credo Reference 5). The two main parts of the wreck of Titanic present a striking contrast. Although fourteen survivors testified that the ship had broken apart as she sank, these testimonies were discounted by the official nquiries that were held after the sinking. They stated that the ship was too strong to be broken by water weight and concluded that Titanic had sunk intact. It was until 74 years later that Richard Ballards expedition discovered the Titanics shipwreck site (Wilson 17). They confirmed that the unequal weight from the flooding caused the ship to split apart between the second and third funnels at or Just below the surface. The area around the bridge is particularly badly damaged; as Robert Ballard has put it, it looks as if it had been squashed by a giants fist. Charles R. Pellegrino has roposed that the extreme damage was the result of a down-blast of water, caused by the hydraulic effect that had followed the bow section as it fell towards the seabed. According to Pellegrinos hypothesis, when the bow came to an abrupt halt the inertia of the slipstream caused a rapidly moving column of water weighing thousands of tons to strike the top of the wreck. The force of the water tore up the sterns top deck and folded it back on itself. The center propeller is totally buried, wnlle tne Torce 0T tne Impact caused tne two wlng propellers ana snaTts to De Dent upwards by an angle of about 20 degrees (Credo Titanic). As Titanic broke apart, many objects and pieces of hull were scattered across the seabed. There are two debris fields in the vicinity of the wreck, each between 2,000- 2,600 feet long, trailing in a southwesterly direction from the bow and stern. They cover an area of about 2 square miles. Most of the debris is concentrated near the stern section of Titanic. It consists of thousands of objects from the interior of the ship, ranging from coal from ruptured bunkers to suitcases, clothes, corked wine bottles, bathtubs, windows, washbasins, Jugs, bowls, hand mirrors and numerous ther personal effects, most objects still intact despite the pressure. The debris field also includes numerous pieces of the ship itself, with the largest pieces of debris in the vicinity of the partially disintegrated stern section (Century History 5). At that depth, the water is bitterly cold, there is no light and the high pressure causes lower oxygen and salinity levels. It was thought by scientists that organisms would not thrive at that depth and Titanic would effectively be in a deep freeze. The reality has turned out to be the opposite; the ship has increasingly deteriorated since the sinking in 1912. Her gradual decay is due to a number of different physical, chemical and biological processes that are taking place at such depth. Fish and crustaceans have devoured the soft organic material aboard. Wood-boringmolluscs such as Teredo colonized the ships decks and interior in huge numbers, eating away the wooden decking and other wooden objects such as furniture, paneling, doors and staircase banisters (Credo Reference 23). When the organisms food runs out they die, leaving behind calcareous tubes. The longest-lasting inhabitants of Titanic are likely to be bacteria and archaea that have colonized the metal hull of the ship. They have produced reddish-brown stalactites of rust down as much as several feet, looking like long needle-like icicles, as Robert Ballard stated. The formations, which Ballard dubbed rusticles, are extremely fragile and disintegrate in a cloud of particles if touched. The bacteria consume the iron in the hull, oxidizing it and leaving rust particles behind as a waste product. To protect themselves from the seawater, they secrete an acidic viscous slime that flows where gravity takes it, carrying ferric oxides and hydroxides that form the rusticles (History Titanic). Since Titanics wreck was discovered in 1985, radical changes have been observed in the marine ecosystem around the ship. It has been 101 years since the Titanic touched the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, yet somehow every time the world hears about the Titanic tragedy, it manages to send shivering sensations down our spines. Many lessons were learned because of this wreck. Lessons that will stay with us forever, lessons that have changed the way humanity is shaped. The Titanic will never be forgotten. Even though it is sitting almost two and a half miles deep in the ocean, this significant story in maritime istory will live in our hearts forever. Amy, Tikkanen. Titanic. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclop? ¦dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Clarkson, Andrew. TITANIC-TITANIC. com I White Star Line. White Star Line. Titanic- Titanic copyright, 1995. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Familys Titanic secret Revealed. BBC News. BSC, 22 sept. 2010. web. 17 Apr. 2013. . Metelko, Karl. White Star Line Titanic. WebTitanic. White Star Line, 2001. Web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Wilson, Andrew. Why The Titanic Still Fascinates Us. Smithsonian Magazine. N. p. , Mar. 2012. eb. 17 Apr. 2013.. RMS Titanic. Ships of the World, Houghton Mifflin. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. Credo Reference. Web. 17 April 2013. Ten Facts About the Titanic That You Dont Know. About. com 20th Century History. N. p. , n. d. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. The Sinking of the Titanic, 1912. The Sinking of the Titanic, 1912. Eye Witness to History, 2000. web. 17 Apr. 2013.. Titanic. 2013. The History Channel website. Apr 17 2013, 2:47 http:// www. history. com/topics/titanic . Titanic. Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Santa Barbara: ABC- CLIO 2005 credo ReTerence 1/ Aprll 2

How to be an effective leader Essay Example

How to be an effective leader Essay Example How to be an effective leader Essay How to be an effective leader Essay This final assignment we decided to make out in interview format, giving our opinions, asking our friends, family members opinions, so that efferent aspects of topic  «How to be an effective leader?  » were covered. Using of this format is the best way to show the knowledge we gained and points of view we formed during the course. Alexandra, 20, B student from Russia: World history teaches people a lot, and is being a rich source of good examples and crucial mistakes. History shows us a lot of different instances of successful leaders and less successful ones. Lets take a look at Germany, 1930-ass. Seemed like country was united by strong leader, whose doctrine was accepted by the most of Germans as successful amongst all over the country and was seen as ultimate leader. He was expected to movie things. But with this case we can see, how strong leader with wrong ideas, beliefs and strategies may cause a huge harm and destroy everything, he is responsible for. This example might seem a bit shocking, but it is still relevant. An effective leader should clearly see, what his company needs, how and by what means to improve existing situation, and predict possible outcomes of his actions. Not to go far from history, I always recall my history teacher as one of the best leaders Ive ever met. She was pretty strict when it came to homework, tests and assignments, but at the same time she was able to make students feel comfortable with her. Being responsive, understanding and choosing informal ways of teaching, but at the same time having strong opinions made her an effective leader. It was my pleasure to visit all of her lecture, participate in discussions and to be led by her. Denis, 20, B student from Russia: A candle loses nothing of its flame when lit another candle. It is always funny to see when on the workplace during heavy discussions and hard working in one room, in other room sits director and from time to time Just checks owe the work goes. Its K if company is big and chief really doesnt need to delve in every detail. But unfortunately such a situation can occur in small offices either. So what is the role of leader? I think he should be along with all but on one step forward. This means that he should be not only a supervisor, but the most active player of the team; moreover, leader should show an example with his own working appearance! Many companies introduce nice suggestions for offices equip: they eliminate walls or replace them with glass ones to give everybody an opportunity to see how boss works. This is kind of motivation and demonstration of openness: We dont have any barriers! We are one team! Wed better be realistic, we wont ruin anything better think of what more can be done. Its clever to spend much time with collective, speaking to them, giving advices (not too much and without pointing at mistakes! ). It is important to understand either what is happening in employees work life or how is his emotional condition: what problem does he have, how is his family, children. Knowledge of peoples hobbies, views and interests will result in better communication, working conditions and anally in improved performance. Just dont cross the line between party and informal working relations. Everybody is happy to receive leaders attention! Leaders role is to be a mentor, supportive advisor or even a coach. Help people to achieve their dreams and aims. If possible, delegate responsibilities taking in account their interests and abilities. When employees work with pleasure, result is better! Pay respect to people you work with, help them and remember: Every member in a Pale, 19, B student from Russia: On one of our Management and Leadership lectures we had a role playing exercise, hen were separated into groups, and I was one of the captains. My question was: What shall be a good leader or manager like?. Now, after the discussions with all the groups, I came up with this: A perfect leader is not only a good manager, who knows how to make things work. He or she shall be an inspiring example of the best attitude and in the same time might not lose control over the processes he or she is in charge of. After, the lesson, I have mentioned before, I understood that the task of seeking the best leadership skills is by all means connected with the ways of making an organization the most successful. On the basis of this, I came up with a solution that the only way of allocating the most important managerial skills is analysis of best Organizational patterns. The task had become much easier, after I understood what shall be the starting point. My mistake on the lesson was that I tried to make a list of all the interpersonal skills, but the key was hidden in the right order, not in the amount. The priority of the qualities should be based on what an organization require the most. This picture in my opinion shows one of the most comprehensive organizational models. All leaders perform in order to build and strengthen their organizations. Maddened, 20, B student from Russia: A leader should be a good example for his team because in my opinion the teams success is dependent on an effective leader. He/ She should not Just be confident overall, but also confident about his/her decision. A leader has to give correct orders to the team members. Managing people in the right way is a leaders most important job. A leader should build trust amongst his/her team members so that they consider him/her to be reliable. An effective leader should be friendly with his team and at the same time know where to draw the line regarding discipline of the team. Davit, 24, Mechanical Engineering, India: An effective leader should be diplomatic and should heed to the opinions of his team. He/she should not make promises he cannot keep and be realistic in his approach. He/she should look at encouraging good work and practices through incentives. He should recognize good work and reward/compliment good accomplishments. A good leader is proactive and offers good guidance to his team members. He/she should lead by example and prove to his team that what is Czech Republic: A good leader maintains team moral by giving them appropriate amount of work. Too such work can make them tired and unproductive and too less work can cause them to be lazy. He should also give them appropriate break times during the work hours as well as vacations, maternity, casual and other leave. This will help the team persons to not loose motivation to do work. An effective leader handles his/her team in such a way that they want to wake up and come to work and are excited by the prospect of doing work for him/her. Anna, 19, B student, Russia: Some people are born to be leaders, others dont. But to improve these qualities and to become the best leader person should practice a lot. First of all leader should be confident and sure about everything what he is doing. Also leader should have such qualities like patience, because when team is Just created it needs more control than ever. And its very hard to make people do what you want them to do. So he should be well organized and have an opportunity and power to organize other people. And what is more important-to do it in right way. Second thing is vision of future and being able to predict some things. Not every member of the team can see amazing opportunities, and to find ways to get this chases. To be a leader means to make everything as fast as possible, faster than others. Thus, sharp feeling of time management, is very important. Good team leader should know the approach to each member of a team. Some people need more hard control, others can be Just asked and they do everything. He should not threaten anyone, and at the same time have to be strong. But there is important thing that despite these facts he should keep the similar attitude to every person, dont show that some people he likes and others dont. Also all members of teams are oriented on team leader, so he has to keep the brand, to show positive example, to be good example to follow. He should be very polite, careful, and tidy. And Im saying this because I think that appearance plays a big role in companies and team success. Elizabeth, 19, B student, Russia: To my mind, the term effective leader can be applied to any manager who: is responsible for his actions, for his crew or company, for his duties and tasks completion; complies time management and works according to ethics rules; is able to get needed result within a certain period of time; is able to analyze the result and take actions upon it; is able to admit mistakes and take actions over them; is able to apply innovations in his work; is able to develop him or herself and lead to his crew improvement and development. Yang, 22, designer, Russia: Being charismatic makes you an effective leader, because people are attracted you. Effective leader always makes the most adequate and consensus decision. Probably, he/she also has to have some cool gadget no one else has. With this independent article we tried to collect all our mutual findings and thoughts about concept of Leadership. During live-mode discussions we covered such an leadership styles, findings which we learnt during workshops, and finally, features of n effective leader. It was interesting to listen and to compare points of view of us and our friends from different countries , of different ages and from different departments. The process of work we found very playful and entertaining. Freestyle assignments are always a field for a fantasy and expression. Important thing is that we didnt base on any other article, neither used any sources. It is much more interesting to share own thoughts. Hopefully, You enjoyed reading our work! A. Phonographs , A. Shareowner, D. Painting, E. Casanova, N. Ivan, P. Graveled

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

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Installation Of Storage Tanks Construction Essay

Installation Of Storage Tanks Construction Essay The proposal contains the detailed scope of works on various discipline of the tender, procedures developed for execution of Storage tank construction of the project Construction of Oil Terminal, the purpose of this technical proposal is to provide clear direction in the form of procedures, controls and administration practices in order that the services provided by contractor are in accordance with the tender and contractual requirements and in accordance with CGL internal quality systems and procedures. The intent of this document is also to communicate the execution strategy to all concerned. Proposal Purpose : This proposal sets out the scope, programme and terms to provide a single window service, with all the expertise and technical competence for the entire work related to the storage tank construction as given below. Design and engineering Procurement of materials for the tanks Fabrication Field erection , welding and testing Surface preparation , painting Assistance during Pre commissioning, commissioning and training All the works shall be carried out as for the completeness of the project. This proposal is in accordance with the engineering specifications, drawings, all the statutory regulations and international codes and standards have been considered in our proposal for this Job. Basis of offer Proposal is based on tender enquiry, data sheets, specifications, drawings issued as the tender documents. Validity This proposal will be valid for acceptance within 60 days from the date of commercial tender submission any further extension on proposal validity shall be subject to mutual agreement between the client and contractor. B. Detailed Scope of Works 1 Proposed List of Tanks Sr. No Tank Tag no Product Type Qty (Nos.) Capacity m3 Size in Meter Diameter Height 1 T-2011/2012 Gas oil / UGL EFR (single deck ) 2 750 11.5 8.5 2 V-4011 Jet A1 Horizontal 1 10 2 3 3 TF-T-2005 ULG 98 EFR (single deck ) 1 5000 22.5 15 4 V-2011 ULG 91/95/98 Horizontal 1 10 2 3 5 T-7001/T-7002 Firewater CS Dome 2 6500 22.5 19 6 TF-T-2003/2004 ULG 95 EFR (single deck ) 2 20000 36 22 7 V-1011 Gas oil Horizontal 1 10 2 3 8 TF-T-1001/1002/1003 Gas oil EFR (single deck ) 3 20000 36 22 9 TF-T-2001/2002 ULG 91 EFR (single deck) 2 20000 36 22 10 T-5001/5002/5003/5004 Jet A1 CS Dome 4 24000 41 22 2. Scope of Supply and Works 2.1 Scope of Supply All permanent material for tanks such as Plate Materials, nozzles manholes, wind girder and stiffener etc. required for the tanks. Internal External floating roof, Floating roof Seal, all the permanent accessories of the Floating roof. Internal and external accessories indicated on data sheet Clips for platform/ladder/pipe support directly welded on tank body. Bolts/nuts, clamps, gaskets for internal Blind flanges together with bolts/nuts and gaskets for blinded nozzles and manholes Davits and/or hinge for manholes. Vortex breaker (if required). Platforms, spiral stairway with handrails, roof handrail. Internal pipe with support Breather valves/ emergency drain / Rim vents and gauge hatch (if required). Name plates with bracket Earth bosses or lugs Settlement check lugs Support clip for firewater and Foam system piping connected to the tank. Surface preparation and Painting material for equipment Test plate for PQT and WPQT Spare parts of gasket and B/N for construction and pre-commissioning. Construction Equipments Electricity for construction.(fabrication and erection ) Heavy equipment, all machineries and other facilities for construction Welding rods, grinding wheels, cutting gases and other Miscellaneous Consumables for construction All the NDT equipments for testing and inspection Hydraulic Jacks Power Pack for the tank erection Pumps temporary pipes and fittings for hydro testing Tools and jigs including scaffolding for construction Consumable material for erection Blind flanges together with bolts/nuts and proper gaskets for hydrostatic test Corrosion inhibitor for hydrostatic test (if required) Direct and Indirect Manpower Dedicated design and drafting item for the project. Dedicated Construction management team at site Dedicated project management at Office Supervisory staff for Fabrication and erection QA/ QC personnel for testing and inspection Safety and EHS officers a site Skilled, semi skilled and unskilled man power for the fabrication and erection and testing at site 2.2 Scope of Work Mechanical design (strength calculation and detail design) Loading data for tank foundation design. Manufacturing drawings Documentations (procedure fabrication construction, ITP and others) Submission of as-built documents and drawings Material procurement Shop fabrication Packing list (packing volume, size weight, etc) Packing and inland transportation of shop fabricated components. Unloading of materials at site PWHT for 1st course shell with nozzles as per code requirement. Hydro-test and water drainage as broom clean condition after hydro-test and drying Settlement checking during hydrostatic test Temporary work of utility for construction and test Site construction Inter connecting walkway between tanks. Inspection test at shop and test. Surface preparation and painting for exterior surface as per specification. Internal Coating as per spec Hot dip galvanizing of tank handrails and staircase Project management and control Third party inspection agency review Attending the meeting with client and consultant Over all construction management of storage tank package Documentation for government approvals if any Mechanical guarantee Other activities to meet requirements of inquiry 2.3 Out of Scope of Supply Work Tank foundation and civil works Oil Pass required for the site crew and staff. Electrical, Instrumentation accessories Process Piping, Plant piping, inter connecting pipes between tanks. Cabling (including earth cable) and wiring materials. Supply of anchor bolts (if required)/ Grouting for tank bottom All kinds of valves including shut-off valves for draw-off sumps and external piping. Companion flanges and bolts/nuts Pumps , Heaters , Hearting coils if any Insulation material and work (if required) Fire protection material and work Customs clearance and taxes duties if any Government permit and approval (for local regulation) Tank Gauge (Radar Type) Level instruments (High Low) and transmitters All kind of instrumentation and Electrical works Lightning protection if any , Earthing 2.4 Facilities to be provided by Client Oil passes for our crew and staff. Adequate space for the Lay down area in the vicinity of site Adequate space for the fabrication and painting yard in the vicinity of site(if space is not provided we will fabricate Prime the tank plates at our fabrication shop in Dubai and transport it to sites for erection ) Site office for our staff Rest room facilities for our crew C. Project Execution Design and detail engineering : Contractor In house Fabrication and shop priming: At site(if fabrication area is available) If no area is available at site, then fabrication will be done at our fabrication shop Erection at site: Contractor In house team Surface preparation and painting through reputed sub contractors. Typical Project Execution Plan Project execution plan organization Contractor formal role in the project implementation will commence from the signing of the Agreement between the Client and Contractor. However, the effective participation of the contractor will start from the date of receipt of letter of intent (LOI) and the project kick off meeting, where project scope and basis will be formally agreed. Contractors Organization Charts The Contractor will appoint a Project Manager to take total charges of scope of work for which they are responsible. The structure is shown in the organization charts. 1.2 Overall Project Execution The Project Manager and his team are the primary interface point between the Contractor and Client. It is via this interface that all the day-to-day correspondence passes and project report are issued. The Project Manager with his team oversees the contractors scope of work. The projects coordinator is responsible for the coordination between Client, Engineering, Procurement, Fabrication and the Site Operation. As soon as LOI is issued internal Kick-off meeting will be held to firm up the project procedures. In order the successfully achieve its objective the Project Manager issues the Project Dossier detailing the interface between Contractor and the Client. It sets out the detailed working method to be employed by them though all phases of the job. With the co-ordination procedure the project schedule and methods of measuring progress and controlling the work are also issued. Inventory Procedure Quality Control Shipping Procedure and Forecast Field Project Control Procedure Field Safety Procedure Change Order Procedure. 1.3 Design and Engineering The Client has given the basic design. The detailed design for Contractor (in house) will carry out the project 2. Procurement Sub- contracting Contractor will prepare material requisition for all plant, equipment and materials and the Procurement in-charge shall manage the procurement and sub contracting. He will establish the procurement plan, identifying the finite list of requisition to be issued by the engineering groups, to start procurement cycle. Contractor will issue enquiries and obtain offers. Purchase orders will be placed by the contractor on vendors approved by Client, offering best Techno-commercial terms. A list of critical long lead items will be established including long lead item and those critical to programs. Special monitoring of these items will be carried out to ensure timely delivery. Procurement service offered by the contractor will include bid evaluation, arranging vendor coordination meetings, selection, placement of purchase orders, amendment of purchase order and modified if necessary, to reflect any specific requirements of the specific order. 3. Construction Contractors Construction group will supervise the construction to be carried out in a phased manner. It will be responsible for field inspection, material and inventory control and logistics for timely executing of the project. Contractors Project Manager will ensure quality and schedule so that the construction is done as per the detailed design/engineering document prepared by Client and within agreed time frame. 4. Pre-commissioning and commissioning The Commissioning Group headed by the Commissioning Engineer of the contractor will direct and supervise to provide the necessary assistance to the pre-commissioning and commissioning activities of Client. Project in co-ordination with the Commissioning in-charge of Main contractor/consultant. The major activities of this group will include: Check plant units for mechanical completion at size. Prepare pre-commissioning programme to assign priorities during final stage of counteraction work. Planning and scheduling of plant start up activities. Co-ordinate and supervise the start up of the plant. Main contractor/consultant shall conduct process guarantee test turns. 5. Project scheduled, control and reporting Contractors system of project planning scheduling and monitoring is designed to provide comprehensive planning services to the project management team. This system is instrumental in devising realistic schedules establishing checkpoints, keeping overall watch on the progress, deviation from schedules, pinpointing the problem and recommending areas of corrective actions. The details are given below: 6. Planning Scheduling 6.1 Proposed Schedule and overall project schedule The proposed project schedule is submitted along with this proposal. This indicates the project starts date, end date and major milestones of the project the proposed schedule is prepared in the form of bar chart schedule. On award of the control, the proposed schedule is converted into an overall project schedule in the form of squared PERT network on time scale. This network includes overall engineering, procurement and construction duration as well as critical and near critical items for each system. This overall schedule forms the basis for execution of the contract and is used for corporate project review. 6.2 Master Network For project control, master network is prepared for the project, master network is updated internally every month, this is revised if (i) The overall project schedule is revised, (ii) There is a major change in the scope of work, (iii) unforeseen events beyond contractors control. The master network forms the basis for detailed scheduling and project control. 6.3 Function Schedules At the level of the executing departments, functional schedules are prepared for all functions, viz. process, residual engineering, ordering and delivery. Standard Networks for various functions are used for sequencing various activities in the schedules. These schedules are also used for scheduling projects physical progress and its measurement. 6.4 Key Construction Network This network is delivered from master network. This is made, work area wise, on time scale The number of networks to be prepared depends upon the workload into which the plant is divided. These networks are prepared at a time when engineering and procurement activities have sufficiently advanced and construction activities are about to begin or major milestones such as deliveries of equipments at site, start and completion of civil works, mechanical erection etc., are about to be achieved. 6.5 Reports Basically, three types of reports are produced. First type of report contains activities to be performed in next two months and is known as Activity List. Second type of reports gives the status of drawings, materials, etc. and is named Status Report, which highlights the deviations and exceptions and immediate actions. The Third Type of Reports is the one, which summarize progress report at various time intervals. 6.6 Monthly Progress Report Monthly progress report is basically meant for Client. This report gives a comprehensive coverage of engineering, procurement and construction activities carried out during the month under review. The monthly report apprises the Client of the progress of the project and holds up if an in achieving the progress. The report contains the following information: Overall progress statistics Status of milestones List of problems/hold ups Functional progress curves Quantitative status report for equipment Detailed status of construction D. Work Breakdown Structure E. Bar Chart (Project Schedule) Please Refer Annexure I Project Organization Chart G. Man Power Deployment Schedule H. Construction Equipment Deployment Schedule List of Proposed Vendors and Suppliers Sr No Description Supplier Origin 1 Carbon Steel Plates Corus European(West / East) For tanks Arcelor Mills European(West / East) Posco Korea Dongkuk steel Korea Duffer co Belgium Dillinger Hutte Germany Nippon steel Japan Stemcor South Africa Sumittomo Japan 2 Carbon Steel Pipes Dalmine Spa Italy Manses man Brazil / Germany Nippon steel Japan NKK steel Japan Kawasaki Japan NSC Japan Hyundai pipes Korea Korea pipes Korea 3 Carbon Steel Pipe Benkan corp Korea Fittings Awaji sangayo Corp Japan BKL UK BKL Thailand OMR Italy Techno forge Italy Tect tubi Italy Vanleeuwen Holland 4 Flanges Bebitiz Germany FAD flange Italy Geldbech Germany Korea flange Korea 5 Floating Roof seal Ultra float USA Korea Flot Korea HMT USA CTS Nether land 6 Paint International Paint Jotun Hempel Sigma Responsibility Matrix SR.NO DESCRIPTION Division of Responsibility (subcontractor) (Main Contractor) A ADMINISTRATION 1 Visa/work Permit à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Accommodation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Food à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Transportation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Site first Aid Facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ B TAXES DUTIES / INSURANCES 1 WCP Insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Automobile Insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Captial machinery insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Contractor All Risk Erection Policy à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ C FACILITIES 1 Laydown yard / Fabrication Yard à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Stores à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Site office facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Worker rest room toilets à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Parking Spaces for Vehicles à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Drinking water Portable water à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Electricity for site office and rest room à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Electricity for Fabrication à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 9 Blasting and Painting Facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 Carbagge Disposal à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 11 Hazardous Mateial Disposal à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 12 Removal of Construction Debris à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 13 Electricity for Site Construction à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 14 Safety Interface with Client à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 15 Personal Protection Equipments à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ D DESIGN ENGINEERING 1 Design à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Engineering à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Detailed drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Support details à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Structural Drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Asbuilt Drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ E PROCUREMENT SUPPLY 1 Direct Material (Plates for shell bottom and roof, Structural for stairway, roof handrail and roof structures) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Consumables à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Gaskets / Bolt / Nuts for hydro testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Permanent Gasket/Bolt/Nuts à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 All Galvanized items for platform/stairway etc à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 All tank mounting appurtenances and Instruments à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Material unloading at site à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ F Plant Machinery At Site 1 Crane à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Hydra Crane à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Fork Lift à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Rolling Machine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Welding Machine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Generators à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Hydraulic Jacks System (Jacks, power packs, hoses, accessories etc.) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Tools such Grinding, cutting ,beveling Etc à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ G PRE FABRICATION 1 Plate cutting Edge preparation (Shell, Roof, Bottom Annular) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Sand Blasting and Painting of internal and external surfaces of tank as per client approved Painting procedure. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Shell plate rolling à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Nozzles Manway Neck Rolling à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Sump Plate Rolling, Welding External painting à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Roof Structure and Floating Deck prefabrication à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ H CONSTRUCTION 1 Civil work à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Instrumentation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Tank Insulation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Scaffolding for Erection and painting, if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Tank Erection -Bottom ,Annular, Shell, Roof, Roof Structure, Floating Deck , shell Roof Nozzles Man way, Sump à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Painting Jobs as per client approved procedure à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Meeting Clients construction Schedule à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ I TESTING 1 Liquid Penetrent Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Magnetic Partical Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Radiographic Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Ultrosonic Testing if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Post Weld Heat Treatment if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Facilities for Hydro-testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Water for Hydro Test à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Drain point for hydro-tested water near to tank bottom (Max 250 M) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 9 Dewatering Drying à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 Tank Calibration à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ J HANDING OVER 1 Punch list à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 RT film Submission à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 AS Built Drawing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Final Dossier submission à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Pre commissioning assistance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Commissioning assistance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ K GENERAL 1 Third Party Inspection Costs à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 All the approvals from Local authorities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Necessary gate passes / permits to carry-out our works à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Coordination with Client à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Project Estimation Summary Sr.No. DESCRIPTION QTY. Unit Rate Amount I PRELIMINARIES Mobilization of Manpower/Equipment 1 70,000 70,000 Establishment of site facilities 1 200,000 200,000 Insurance 1 200,000 200,000 Demobilization of Manpower/Equipment 1 70,000 70,000 Design/Engineering 1 80,000 80,000 Documentation 1 30,000 30,000 Sub Total AED 650,000 II PROCUREMENT Steel Plates( A 537 Cl.1 ) 3,363 2,931 9,856,953 Steel Plates( A 36 ) 2,258 2,488 5,617,904 Structural 96 2,800 268,800 Pipes Fittings/Flanges 1 510,000 510,000 Fasteners 8 7,000 56,000 Aluminium Dome 1 7,000,000 7,000,000 Hatch / Accessories 1 Jet Mixer + Misc 8 Galvanizing 8 5,000 40,000 Stairway Steps 8 16,500 132,000 Sub Total AED 23,481,657 III CONSTRUCTION Sub-Contract 5,450 1,000 5,450,000 Consumables 1 100,000 100,000 Safety Equipments 1 398,200 398,200 Salary for Staff 1 500,000 500,000 Wages for Fabrication Crew 1 Wages for Erection Crew 1 Equipments ( Hire) 1 1,661,000 1,661,000 Equipments ( Purchase ) 1 600,000 600,000 Mobilization of Pre fabricated material to site 1 320,000 320,000 Scaffolding Erection Tools tackles 1 42,000 42,000 Fuel 1 617,400 617,400 Freight, Visa ,Food Accommodation for Crew 2,663,200 2,663,200 Testing Requirement 1 Site Communication/Stationary/Utilities 1 Office Communication/Stationary 1 Heating Nitrogen Coil 1 3,849,468 3,849,468 Sub Total AED 10,751,268 IV SUB-CONTRACT Civil Foundation Misc. Works 1 8,389,450 8,389,450 Civil Design 1 Soil Improvement 1 Reduce backfilling (1 M) 1 Surface Preparation Painting 1 2,476,700 2,476,700 Belzona application 1 NDT works 1 1,150,000 1,150,000 Third Party Inspection 1 150,000 150,000 Calibration 1 64,000 64,000 Hydro Test 1 200,000 200,000 Sub Total AED 12,430,150 V OTHERS BG Charges 100,000 Finance Charges 150,000 Commission to Agents

Role of Women in Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit Essay -- Oranges Are N

Role of Women in Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit  Ã‚   In the novel Oranges Are Not The Only Fruit, by Jeanette Winterson, most of the important, decision-making, characters are female. Jeanette, the female protagonist, is greatly influenced by her mother, a strong, overbearing, eccentric woman, and by Elsie, a prominent member of the family parish who becomes Jeanette's only friend and closest confidant. Elsie and Jeanette's mother act as polar forces in Jeanette's life, with the mother encouraging suppression of "unholy" or "unnatural" feelings and thoughts, and Elsie encouraging expression of feelings and accepting oneself for who one really is. Jeanette's mother, referred to by name only once in the novel, is probably the second most important character in the book, outdone only by the protagonist herself. She acts not as a role model, but as an example of what not to become, of a lifestyle to reject. Throughout the book, Mother encourages suppression of feelings she defines as unholy by way of personal example and by her attempted repression of Jeanette's homosexuality. An...

From Teacher To Facilitator Education Essay

As clip base on balls by many definitions have changed. In the educational scene a major function alteration has occurred. A instructor has been changed to facilitator. As our immature coevals is really smart there is no demand to learn them. Our major function is to ‘facilitate ‘ them to sail swimmingly around the universe, to acquire along with the people and understand the constructs. As the instructor preparation establishments are dawdling in transfiguring the instructor into facilitator the duties are with the schools to develop their instructors and to alter the instructors as to effectual instructors or facilitators. ‘The instructor is non an teacher or undertaking – Masterss ; he/she is a assistant and a usher. His/ her concern is to propose and non to enforce. He does non really develop the students head, he merely shows him how to hone his instruments of cognition and aid and encourages him in the procedure ‘ . Sri Aurobindo.EXPECTED QUALITIES OF A TEACHER:A instructor should play a dynamic function in cultivating a sense of International apprehension. It is extremely possible in schools as it is said that the immature bamboo can easy be dead set. For which a instructor must hold the undermentioned professional ethical values to go an effectual instructor. Preparation and professional growing ; A instructor must keep an unfastened head towards educational theories and methods of learning etc. He / she must seek to polish and better his/her method of instruction, rating and interaction etc. This can be attained by take parting sporadically in In service programmes. Relationship with students ; An ethical instructor must hold a just relationship with the pupils. He/she should cover the students in a spirit of kindness and democracy. Any spiritual, political or other private beliefs should non be imposed on students. The instructors should protect the rights of students. Relationship with parents and community ; Teachers should keep a affable relationship with the parents and community. Apart from go toing school responsibilities a instructor can take portion in any activity which is for the betterment of the community. They should non go to any of the activities which would harm their instruction efficiency. Relationship between instructors and school functionaries ; It should be really co secret agent, non to take any unjust or undue advantages of one ‘s public place. They should non go through any unfavorable remarks on any of their co-workers particularly in their absence.CODE OF CONDUCT:Every profession has its ain codification of behavior to be followed by the practicians. They are monitored by several professional organisations to safeguard the self-respect of the profession, like Bar council for Lawyers and Medical council for physicians. But there is no such professional organic structure to supervise the codification of behavior of instructors. Equally good as now a yearss there are some issues exposed by the Medias in such a manner that the full field of this profession becomes anti societal. This creates an unbarred feeling among the instructors which affects their efficiency a batch. So, this is the responsibility of the school directions to take attention of this and to supply comfort and religious support to the instructors to obtain maximal teaching efficiency.ROLE Model:‘Be the alteration what you want ‘ as the words of Mahatma the instructor 1 who wants to construct the values in the immature heads of his/her pupils must possess their ain personal values like ; Simplicity, Punctuality, Acting without prejudice, Being responsibility witting, Maintaining linguistic communication and frock codification, Helping the hapless and destitute etc. Harmonizing to Hawkins, ‘the psyche is non contained within the organic structure but outside, in the theater of committednesss. It is the relationships that one forms with those around them, determine the personality and character of an person ‘ . So, the instructor instruction institutes must take up the duty to instill the above values added to their course of study. When a facilitator is sort, emphathetic and gives importance to human values. He himself becomes a function theoretical account. There is no demand to ‘preach ‘ or ‘teach ‘ . He becomes the ‘pied piper ‘ who lures off pupils with his enchanted cognition.Class ROOM MANAGEMENT:‘Education is non make fulling a pail but illuming a fire ‘ W.B.Yeats. Research has shown us that instructors ‘ actions in their category suites have twice the impact on their pupils ‘ accomplishments as do school policies sing course of study, appraisal, staff congenialness and community engagement. The instructors should be able to sympathize with pupils, understand their universe and listen to them. They should be certain, decided and clear in the manner they communicate with pupils.Principles OF Teaching:Harmonizing to Sri Aurobindo the rules of learning are, ‘The first rule of true instruction is that nil can be taught. The 2nd rule is that the head has to be consulted in its growing. The 3rd rule is to work from the close to the far ; from that which is, to that which shall be ‘ . Any instructor who follows these rules can be an effectual instructor.BEST PRACTICES FOR TEACHING, LEARNING IMPROVEMENT:Each kid is alone. Educating the whole kid is the demand of the hr. Effective instructor will do a life altering difference for pupils, conform to effectual pattern and indispensable criterions. In USA, it was ab initio focused on the employment of ‘highly qualified ‘ instructors, and newer thought has upgraded to ‘highly effectual ‘ instructors as no kid should be left behind. The National Development Council of India in 2001 added this as one of the criterions for the professional development which will better the acquisition of pupils that every Teacher Training Institution should Concentrate on quality learning including content cognition and teaching method for staff development. A instructor may possess all the appropriate content and pedagogical background and be to the full licensed or certified to learn, but in world, may non be one whose makings make a difference in the schoolroom. In other words, being extremely qualified does non needfully intend that a instructor is extremely effectual in easing pupil larning. An effectual instructor is the 1 who is able to do kids understand the construct, larn it and put to death it. An effectual facilitator does non perplex on the pupils encephalon with excessively much information like an adept cook adds merely the indispensable sum of salt ( information ) to do the soup ( surveies ) tasty. In fact, recent research asserts that the instructor is the most of import factor impacting acquisition. The instructor is more of import than household background or environment, and, schoolroom resources or engineering.Teachers AS Facilitator:The Research Report at 7 major US Universities presented by Seymons and Hewitt ( 197 7 ) describes the undermentioned as necessities for learning effectivity. All the schools can follow them for the school betterment and therefore the national development. A method of measuring effectual instruction by supervising the pupils whether they are actively engaged, concentrating and interacting, express joying, finishing undertakings and expecting what comes following. The instructor should be knowing, enthusiastic, accessible and lovingness. The instructor should give constructive feedback and supports less able pupils, utilizing a broad assortment of learning methods. The instructor should be responsible hazard taker and willing to introduce. The instructor should appreciate the creativeness of the pupils and promote their thought ‘outside the box ‘ . The instructor should promote the oppugning attitude of the pupils. The focal point in the schoolroom is on how to larn instead than what to larn. The accomplishments of critical thought should be consciously thought instead than inquiring the pupils to compare and contrast. Finally, the instructor should assist the pupils to pattern the accomplishments.Sri Seshaas Teachers as Facilitators:We about follow all the stairss. In our school we provide a fear free schooling and the exact CCE ( uninterrupted and comprehensive rating ) is carried out. There is no fixed day of the month of test and tenseness to the pupils and so they enjoy their stay and acquisition in the school. The most indispensable standards for the assignment of instructors of our school is their attitude towards the kids and their profession and non their figure of grades they have. We have 10 % reserve in admittance for the particular kids. We do n't name them as less able but particular. A squad of our instructors under the leading of our adviser psychologist works difficult as responsible hazard takers. We name it ‘Punyabhadra ‘ . The pupils are encouraged in making their ain thoughts instead than feeding them with ours. Whenever they take portion in the outside competitions like scientific discipline exhibition etc. We do n't trouble oneself about the consequence but the pupils ‘ ain thoughts and active engagement are given importance. This freedom made them even at NASA Space School Learning Centre to win with their illumination theoretical accounts of Rocket and Rover. We adopt idiscoveri methodological analysis in which learning – acquisition is child centered. Our instructors ‘ occupation is to reply the pupils ‘ inquiries and non merely to complete the figure of subjects. Every twenty-four hours forenoon assembly is taken charge by the pupils. Almost every pupil is given a opportunity to take portion in it. It gives them a pride, encourages them to take duties. As they give the idea for the twenty-four hours etc. and address the assembly they get rid of their phase fright. It is practical that the of import incident of the twenty-four hours is let out for unfastened treatment and helps the kids to develop their critical thought. School is a fantastic platform to convey out the pupils knowledge, accomplishment and desire. In order to do our school kids rational and to carry through their aim we have 9 nines like literary nine, cooking nine etc. operation in our school. These nines facilitate each kid to happen, to pattern and to execute their accomplishments. It helps them in bettering their ego assurance. We have a programme called ‘Fancy Fete ‘ on every Republic twenty-four hours ( 26th Jan. ) . It ‘s a show semen gross revenues of trade plants made by our kids particularly with waste stuffs, for a baronial cause. Every twelvemonth they donate the full returns of this programme to a charitable place.Decision:An effectual instructor can hold a profound influence on larning so as to increase the pupil acquisition additions. School is an sphere where a pupil learns everything. This is a topographic point where a pupil learns everything. This is a topographic point where a kid is made to set his whole potency to raise his/her concealed thoughts. All our patterns are aimed at making good human existences and non any peculiar professionals. It might be a little measure for us but it ‘ll be a elephantine spring for the advanced instruction – learning field. If our motivation is good it ‘s certain that we can make admirations.RecognitionI, V.Minnalkodi, Principal of Sri Seshaas International Public School, Salem, Tamil Nadu, thank whole heartedly, the God Almighty for His approvals and for being ever with me. I unfeignedly thank my direction for their support and counsel particularly for my letter writer, Mrs.B.Amarjothi for her friendly attack. I wish to thank my co-workers and pupils who are the existent platform of my acquisition. I besides wish to thank my household members who are my moral protagonists.

Cloning How Far Will it Go essays

Cloning How Far Will it Go essays Everyday people find themselves at a crossroads that requires a decision as to which path to follow. In the past few years, scientists have gained knowledge about cloning that could impact our lives for centuries to come. As a society we are at a crossroads and we will have to decide how to use this knowledge. Will we choose to increase our power over nature or will we develop a partnership? There are many benefits of cloning, but do they outweigh the possibility of losing genetic diversity, facing genetic discrimination, and the scary consequences portrayed in science fiction books like Brave New World and 1984, and movies like Gattaca and Planet of the Apes. Cloning is the production of a genetically identical duplicate of an organism? (Hawley 1). In a sense, many plants, algae, unicellular organisms, and even humans naturally produce identical offspring. For example, the dandelion reproduces asexually to create a copy of itself. As a species it has reached a plateau and can no longer progress. Within the human species, identical twins are essentially clones. The division of the embryo produces two embryos with the exact same genetic information. The consequence of a species only producing asexually is the loss of genetic diversity, which can have adverse effects on a species. There is a gray area between the benefits and the problems of cloning. Some people may say that anything that improves the lives of humans is a benefit, but I disagree. Human cloning needs to be restricted. If taken to the extreme, human cloning could be disastrous to mankind. First of all, asexual reproduction creates a population with the same genetic information which eliminates genetic diversity. Without diversity, one disease could wipe out the whole population because no person would be able to fight a disease any better than anyone else. In Brave New World, the author writes about 'making ninety-six human beings grow where only ...

Imperative Mood - Definition and Examples in English

Imperative Mood s in English In English grammar, the imperative mood is the form of the verb that makes direct commands and requests, such as Sit still and Count your blessings. The imperative mood uses the zero infinitive form, which (with the exception of be) is the same as the second person in the present tense. There are three major moods in English: the indicative mood is used to make factual statements or pose questions, the imperative mood to express a request or command, and the (rarely used) subjunctive mood to show a wish, doubt, or anything else contrary to fact. Etymology From the Latin, command Examples Save Ferris. (Slogan in the movie Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle. (Philo of Alexandria)Read, every day, something no one else is reading. Think, every day, something no one else is thinking. Do, every day, something no one else would be silly enough to do. It is bad for the mind to be always part of unanimity. (Christopher Morleys final message to friends, colleagues, and readers, published in The New York Times after his death on March 28, 1957)Go to the edge of the cliff and jump off. Build your own wings on the way down. (Ray Bradbury, Brown Daily Herald, March 24, 1995)If this is coffee, please bring me some tea; but if this is tea, please bring me some coffee. (attributed to President Abraham Lincoln)Roar, roar, roar, Henderson-Sungo. Do not be afraid. Let go of yourself. Snarl greatly. Feel the lion.(Saul Bellow, Henderson the Rain King. Viking, 1959)Touch the great artery. Feel it bound like a deer in the might of its lig htness, and know the thunderless boil of the blood. Lean for a bit against this bone. It is the only memento you will leave to this earth. Its tacitness is everlasting. In the hush of the tissue wait with me for the shaft of pronouncement. Press your ear against this body, the way you did when you were a child holding a seashell and heard faintly the half-remembered, longed-for sea. (Richard Selzer, The Surgeon as Priest. Mortal Lessons: Notes on the Art of Surgery. Simon Schuster, 1976) Let the river rock you like a cradleClimb to the treetops, child, if youre ableLet your hands tie a knot across the table.Come and touch the things you cannot feel.And close your fingertips and fly where I cant hold youLet the sun-rain fall and let the dewy clouds enfold youAnd maybe you can sing to me the words I just told you,If all the things you feel aint what they seem.And dont mind me cause I aint nothin but a dream.(lyrics by Jerry Merrick, sung by Richie Havens, Follow)Shut up, Brain, or Ill stab you with a Q-tip! (Homer Simpson of The Simpsons)Never give in  . Never give in. Never, never, never, neverin nothing, great or small, large or pettynever give in, except to convictions of honor and good sense. Never yield to force. Never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. (Winston Churchill)Get up, stand up, Stand up for your rights.Get up, stand up, Dont give up the fight. (Bob Marley, Get Up, Stand Up!)Just do it. (Nike advertising slogan) Come in, then. Dont stand staring. Close that door quick! Hustle! Dont scrape your feet on the floor. Try to look intelligent. Dont gape. (P.G. Wodehouse, Something Fresh, 1915) Pronunciation: im-PAR-uh-tiv mood

Assessment of Office Worker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Assessment of Office Worker - Essay Example As part of his main responsibility at work, David spends most of his time answering customer queries through phone calls. Even though David has his own workstation, his working area is also used by other staff members whenever he is not present in the office. Since Tom has been absent from work, David has no choice but to accept the additional work load. For several months, David has constantly been complaining about body aches that usually start with the neck portion going across the shoulders and arms. Despite the effort of a nurse from the occupational health team, David’s overall working health condition has not improved. Chronic pain associated with the upper limbs could significantly affect a person’s work performances, mood, sleeping habits and social relationship with other people. (Carr & Mann, 2000) For this reason, it is necessary to control and manage the main sources of upper limb pains in order to increase the employees’ attention and performance at work. (Asmundson, Norton, & Vlaeyen, 2004) will evaluate David’s current working condition within the call centre environment. Based on research evidences and other relevant legislative requirements, the control risk factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal problems will be identified and critically analysed. Eventually, the researcher will assess his workstation in relation to the standard office chair without arm rests; the standard wrist rest design for keyboard and mouse; a telephone headset with a single ear phone and a microphone; the new flat screen monitor that he uses in the office; a typical rectangular desk that measures 1600mm wide by 800mm deep. Prior to the conclusion, the researcher will recommend new strategies that could lessen the intensity level of David’s upper limb discomfort. Office workers are very much exposed to working environment hazards related to noise, changes in the room temperature, and other ergonomic-related problems that

British politics in the 21st century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

British politics in the 21st century - Essay Example The event did not only unleash Major’s daring spirit, but also brought out a dormant political acumen by his participating openly in the fight against Saddam Hussein and by his deciding to topple the despotic regime. He was one of the prime movers of the so-called Operation Desert Storm, or its British equivalent, the Operation Granby. Among European nations, it was the UK who sent the largest military contingents in the combat operations of the war. The prime minister worked closely with the United Nations Security Council and the United States to free Kuwait from an Iraqi invasion and to protect thousands of Kurds from the deposed dictator’s persecution. UK then established its ‘Safe Haven’ policy to accommodate refugees and saved tens of thousands of lives (Jones & Kavanagh 2003). Major also sought solution to the long-time tensions in Northern Ireland and launched the government’s peace process initiative. He discussed pivotal agreements with the Taoiseachs of Ireland, and subsequently issued the 1993 Downing Street Declaration, which affirmed the right of the Irish people to self-determination and that Northern Ireland be transferred to the Republic of Ireland upon a referendum.   Aside from being a staunch advocate of public services and education, Major was also a key player in the economic recovery of UK. During his term, inflation rates were kept low and the unemployment incidence down (Buxton et al. 1998). This, he obtained through his strong.... Major also sought solution to the long-time tensions in Northern Ireland and launched the government’s peace process initiative. He discussed pivotal agreements with the Taoiseachs of Ireland, and subsequently issued the 1993 Downing Street Declaration, which affirmed the right of the Irish people to self-determination and that Northern Ireland be transferred to the Republic of Ireland upon a referendum.    Aside from being a staunch advocate of public services and education, Major was also a key player in the economic recovery of UK. During his term, inflation rates were kept low and the unemployment incidence down (Buxton et al. 1998). This, he obtained through his strong convictions on UK’s role in the European Union and against the Social Chapter. He was also responsible for the creation of the Council Tax, which resulted in premium public services such as policing and garbage collection during the time. In addition, Major launched the National Lottery with the go al of raising supplemental budget for the arts, culture and sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ultimately, Major can be considered a lucky politician because amid fierce faultfinding and disapproval both from his colleagues in the government and from the general public, propelled by media’s insinuation, he still emerged victorious in the General Election of 1992 and in 1995.    2- To what extent, if at all, did the SDP succeed in â€Å"breaking the mould of British politics† and the main impact of the creation of the SDP was to delay Labour’s recovery and keep the Conservative Party in office for longer than it would otherwise have been†. Discuss? Created in 1981, the Social Democratic Party came as a surprise